There are currently two academic directions for product definition. One is oriented towards "marketing management"; The other is based on the positioning direction of the entire "fundamental concept of enterprise management".
1. Marketing Management Direction
The definition of a product: anything provided to the market as a commodity that attracts attention, acquisition, use, or consumption to satisfy desires or needs.
Consumers purchase not only the entity of the product, but also the core interests of the product (i.e. the basic utility and benefits provided to consumers). The entity of a product is called a general product, which is the basic form of the product. Only by relying on the product entity can the core interests of the product be realized. Expected products are a series of attributes and conditions that consumers expect when purchasing products. Additional products are the fourth level of a product, which includes additional services and benefits. The fifth level of a product is the potential product, which indicates all possible additions and changes to the product in the end.
In the supply chain, the products of upstream factories are the production raw materials or consumables of downstream factories, such as plastic particles, cardboard boxes, glass sheets, computer central processing units, paints, etc.
2. Basic Conceptual Direction of Enterprise Management
Product definition: The collection of all perceived things and images related to the realization of requirements by people in the process of achieving them.
The characteristics of this definition are: firstly, the product is a procedural thing rather than a static thing, and processes such as selection, payment, installation, use, and scrapping may all belong to the product; Secondly, products are not things provided by enterprises, but things belonging to customers. The essence of products is customers' "perception", which relies on customers and cannot exist independently of them; Thirdly, imagery is also an important component of a product. Imagery comes from perception, including memory imagery and imaginative imagery. 
The term 'perception' here is a psychological concept, often translated as' perception '. Perception and perception are synonymous.
Products are the only connection between the enterprise and the external world, and also the only support for the survival of the enterprise.